HANNAH BEECH2026年1月14日缅甸克伦邦顺达园区诈骗园区，摄于12月。 In a Southeast Asian war zone, cloaked in dense rainforest, the Chinese settlement dedicated to scamming people from Kentucky to Kazakhstan grew fast on fertile ground.在东南亚一片战火纷飞、热带雨林茂密的地带，一座专为诈骗而生的中国人聚居区在这片沃土迅速扩张，诈骗对象遍布于从美国肯塔基州到哈萨克斯坦的世界各地。Over just a few months, a sprawling office park materialized and metastasized in the chaotic borderlands of Myanmar, with cavernous rooms holding rows of computer monitors and walls decorated with inspirational work slogans: “Dream chaser,” “Keep going,” “Making money matters the most.” In video conference suites, bookshelves stocked with fake business tomes and ersatz modern art simulated the kind of boardroom a successful crypto investor might inhabit.短短数月间，一座规模庞大的办公园区在缅甸局势混乱的边境地带拔地而起，且不断向外蔓延。园区内，宽敞的房间里整齐排列着成排电脑显示器，墙上贴着各类励志的工作标语：“逐梦者”、“永不止步”、“赚钱至上”。视频会议室内，书架上摆满了假的大部头商业书籍和仿制现代艺术品，营造出成功加密货币投资者可能使用的那种董事会会议室氛围。The scam center, Shunda Park, opened for business in 2024 with more than 3,500 workers from nearly 30 nations, including Namibia, Russia, Zimbabwe and France. Some had been kidnapped and enslaved, but all had become skilled in the art of the online grift. When the scammers bilked $5,000 out of someone, they struck a Chinese gong. A $50,000 shakedown earned a celebratory pounding of a giant drum, then an offering to a Chinese deity resplendent in his golden altar.这座名为顺达园区的诈骗中心于2024年投入运营，雇佣了来自纳米比亚、俄罗斯、津巴布韦、法国等近30个国家的3500余名工作人员。其中部分人是被绑架后遭到奴役，但所有人都已练就了娴熟的网络诈骗伎俩。每当诈骗团伙成员成功骗取5000美元，他们便会敲响一面中国铜锣；若骗得5万美元，则会擂响大鼓以示庆贺，随后还会在金碧辉煌的神坛前祭拜一位中国神祗。“我们不希望自己的土地沦为犯罪分子坑蒙拐骗的罪恶之地，”克伦民族解放军政治组织发言人巴杜·索·陶尼说道。诈骗园区有些地方酷似监狱，有的则像高管办公室。While each nationality required a different approach — for Americans, one scammer told me, the preferred mark was “white old men” — the general approach was the same: an online foray by a sympathetic and attractive person, followed by an invitation to participate in a select investment opportunity.尽管针对不同国籍的目标需要采取差异化的诈骗手段——一名诈骗团伙成员向我透露，针对美国人的诈骗，首选目标是“白老男”——但总体套路如出一辙：先由一名形象讨好、善解人意的人主动在网上搭讪，随后再邀请对方参与所谓的“专属投资良机”。Victims were not just lonely hearts or technologically timid retirees. Using generative intelligence and deepfake videos, as well as fraudulent businesses, websites and financial apps, the scammers at Shunda embraced the long con and reeled in people from almost every demographic.受骗者并非只有孤寡人士或不懂科技的退休老人。顺达园区的诈骗团伙成员借助生成式人工智能、深度伪造视频，再搭配虚假企业、伪造网站和非法金融应用程序，精心布局长线骗局，几乎将各类群体都卷入其中。But in late November, Shunda Park was unexpectedly captured by a rebel force long at odds with the Myanmar military, whose coup nearly five years ago catapulted this Southeast Asian nation into civil war and created a chaotic space for criminality to thrive. The photographer Jes Aznar and I were granted rare access to the scam compound to document the inner sanctum of this secretive, highly fortified industry. Shunda Park had been closed for business by the rebel militia, but we were able to meet some of its scammers, both those who were trying to return home and others who wanted to find another job in the fraud business.然而去年11月下旬，长期与缅甸军方对抗的一支反政府武装出人意料地攻占了顺达园区。五年前，缅甸军方发动政变，推翻了民选政府，将这个东南亚国家拖入内战深渊，也为各类犯罪活动的滋生提供了温床。我与摄影师杰斯·阿斯纳尔获得特许，得以进入这座诈骗园区，记录这个高度戒备的秘密产业核心区域。彼时顺达园区已被反政府武装勒令停业，但我们还是见到了部分诈骗团伙成员——他们中有的一心盼着返乡，有的则盘算着再找一份诈骗行当的工作。With millions of people falling victim to online shakedowns every year, the cyberscamming industry has quickly grown into one of the planet’s most lucrative criminal enterprises, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室的数据显示，全球每年有数以百万计的民众沦为网络诈骗受害者，这一产业已迅速蜕变为全球利润最丰厚的犯罪行当之一。In the United States alone, in 2024, at least $10 billion was stolen through cyberscams run out of Southeast Asia, the U.S. Treasury Department said. That figure is likely only a fraction of the true toll because victims are often too embarrassed to admit they have been fooled. Late last year, the United States formed its first ever federal task force to combat scam centers and the Chinese transnational crime networks that American investigators say run them.美国财政部透露，仅2024年一年，源自东南亚的网络诈骗就从美国卷走了至少100亿美元。而这一数字很可能只是实际损失的一小部分，因为受害者往往因羞于承认自己上当受骗而隐瞒损失。去年年底，美国成立了首个联邦专项工作组，专门打击此类诈骗园区，以及美方调查人员认定的幕后操控者——华人跨国犯罪网络。反政府武装于11月下旬控制了靠近泰国边境的顺达园区地区，并允许《纽约时报》记者进入该区域。The Myanmar junta, which has imprisoned members of an elected government and killed thousands of civilians, recently vowed to tackle the scam networks. But its current crackdown feels like a Potemkin exercise. The global profits from online cons rival the gross domestic products of the countries where the fraud factories have proliferated, including Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos.缅甸军政府曾监禁民选政府成员并杀害数以千计平民，近期突然宣称要重拳打击诈骗网络。但外界普遍认为，此次所谓的打击行动不过是一场表面功夫。网络诈骗带来的全球非法收益，甚至堪比缅甸、柬埔寨、老挝等诈骗工厂泛滥国家的国内生产总值。These illicit proceeds do not just line the pockets of the gangs, most of which are originally from China; dirty money also flows to powerful elites across the region — most of all, crime-watchers say, to powerful people in the conflict-ridden, failed state of Myanmar.这些黑钱不仅塞满了犯罪团伙（其中多数源自中国）的腰包，犯罪问题观察人士指出，赃款还流向了该地区各国的权贵——尤其是在深陷战乱、近乎崩溃的缅甸，大量非法收益落入这些人之手。Our journey to Shunda Park occurred during what was supposed to be a lull in the fighting between the Myanmar military and the opposition militia, known as the Karen National Liberation Army. (The Karen, pronounced Kuh-REN, are one of Myanmar’s many ethnic groups that have been persecuted by the military for generations.)我们前往顺达园区时，恰逢缅甸军方与反对派武装克伦民族解放军之间的战事暂歇。（克伦族是缅甸众多遭受军方世代迫害的少数民族之一。）By the time we arrived in the village of Min Lat Pan, where Shunda Park is, the lull had ended. Our visit was punctuated by the thud of mortar rounds and the crackle of small-arms fire. At least three shells flew over our heads and landed across the river in neighboring Thailand. The next day, a 60-millimeter mortar hit a building where we had been sheltering the day before, wounding three people, including our guide.可当我们抵达顺达园区所在的敏拉潘村时，短暂的平静已然被打破。迫击炮的轰隆与轻武器的噼啪声贯穿了我们此行的始终。至少有三枚炮弹从我们头顶呼啸而过，落入边境线另一侧的泰国境内。次日，一枚60毫米口径的迫击炮击中了我们前一天居住的一栋建筑，造成三人受伤，其中包括我们的向导。What we discovered inside Shunda Park’s thick walls ringed by razor wire resembled a set for an apocalyptic film. Amid white office blocks, Chinese restaurants and luxury villas reserved for the compound’s Chinese bosses, bonfires burned, consuming the tools of the illicit economy. Piles of electronic equipment — keyboards, tangles of cables and thousands of cellphones — littered the site. In some buildings, with nearly every step I took, I crunched on SIM cards, scattered like snow in the tropical heat.顺达园区四周高墙环绕，墙头架设着带刺铁丝网，园区内部的景象宛如末日题材电影的布景。在白色办公大楼、中式餐馆，以及专供园区中国老板居住的豪华别墅之间，篝火熊熊燃烧，正在焚毁用于非法勾当的工具。键盘、缠绕的线缆、数以千计的手机等电子设备堆积如山，散落各处。某些建筑里，我每走几步就会踩到SIM卡碎片，它们在热带高温下像雪片一样散落。在绝大多数诈骗分子撤离该园区后，现场遗留了数以千计的手机。手机SIM卡散落一地。While members of the Karen militia handed over armfuls of evidence to the police in Thailand, along with a man identified as the compound’s Chinese boss, no representatives of foreign governments or intelligence agencies have come to Shunda Park to investigate. Now, the fighting has intensified, and all of Shunda Park’s workers have scattered. Other proof of scamming has gone up in flames.克伦民族解放军已将大批证据，连同一名被指认为园区中国老板的男子一并移交给泰国警方，但迄今为止，没有任何外国政府或情报机构的代表前往顺达园区展开调查。如今战火愈演愈烈，顺达园区的所有工作人员都已四散奔逃，其余诈骗证据也尽数化为灰烬。“We are trying our best, but we are not scam experts,” said Padoh Saw Taw Nee, the spokesman for the K.N.L.A.’s political wing, as he leafed through a notebook with instructions on how to cheat middle-aged women in Taiwan. “We do not like that our land is known as the place where criminals cheat people.”“我们已经尽了最大努力，但我们并非打击诈骗的专业人士，”克伦民族解放军政治组织发言人巴杜·索·陶尼一边翻阅一本记录着如何诈骗台湾中年女性的手册，一边说道。“我们不希望自己的土地沦为犯罪分子坑蒙拐骗的罪恶之地。”The layers of victimhood at a place like Shunda Park are complex. Many of the scammers who worked here say they were duped, too. They arrived in neighboring Thailand, thinking they had been hired for well-paying tech or marketing jobs. Others thought they were checking out merchandise for online sales businesses. Instead, they were hustled at gunpoint across the river that demarcates the border with Myanmar.在顺达园区这样的地方，受害者的身份呈现出复杂的多层性。许多曾在此处工作的诈骗团伙成员称，他们自己也是受害者。他们原本以为在邻国泰国找到了高薪的技术或营销工作，或是去考察电商商品，结果却被人用枪指着，强行押解着渡过界河，进入缅甸境内。缅甸军方与反政府武装在顺达园区附近爆发激烈交火，该园区内办公场所一片狼藉。诈骗分子用来骗取受害者钱财的部分照片。I spoke with several scammers whose bodies bore scars from beatings or tight shackles. They never received payment for their 12-hour shifts, they said. Life was a Sisyphean loop: sleep, eat, scam, eat, sleep, scam.我与几名诈骗者交谈过，他们的身上留有殴打和镣铐留下的疤痕。他们表示，即便每天要工作12小时，也从未拿到过一分钱报酬。生活就像一个西西弗斯式的死循环：睡觉、吃饭、诈骗、吃饭、睡觉、诈骗。Kason, a 22-year-old from Malaysia who is being identified only by his first name, said he suffered only two “hard” beatings. But his legs and torso were crisscrossed with traces of lacerations from what he called “many, many” smaller beatings.22岁的马来西亚青年卡森（他只同意透露自己的名字）称，自己只遭受过两次“严重”的毒打，但双腿和躯干上纵横交错的伤痕都源自他所说的“无数次”的轻微殴打。His job for more than a year was to send endless “hellos” into the social media ether. If he did not receive responses from at least 5 percent of the greetings, then he would be punished physically, he said.过去一年多来，他的工作就是在社交媒体上无休止地发送“你好”之类信息。他说，要是发送问候的回复率达不到5%，就会遭受体罚。Ivan, a Malaysian who once worked as a member of the ground staff at the Singapore airport, said he was chained in a crucifixion position and denied food for days.另一名马来西亚人伊万曾是新加坡机场的地勤人员，他说自己曾被人以十字架的姿势铐住，连续数日不许吃饭。“You think you know hell,” he said, “and it’s actually even worse.”“你以为自己知道地狱是什么样子，可这里比地狱还要糟糕，”他说。In one of the Shunda Park workrooms, bobblehead dolls and fake gold bars enlivened the space. At the front, near a statue of a Chinese god worshiped by the gangsters, were three port-a-potty style boxes that scammers said were used as punishment chambers, in clear sight of the rest of the room. Elsewhere in the compound, behind a barbecue restaurant, a row of cement torture cells was outfitted with bars and shackles.在顺达园区的一间工作室内，摇头娃娃和假金条装饰着这个空间。工作室前方，一尊被诈骗团伙供奉的中国神像旁，摆放着三个类似移动厕所的小隔间。诈骗团伙成员称，这是用来惩罚违规者的禁闭室，且故意设在所有人都能看见的地方。在园区的另一处，一家烧烤店的后方，有一排水泥砌成的刑讯室，里面配备了铁栏杆和镣铐。被困在缅甸克伦邦靠近泰国边境莫伊河畔临时避难所的诈骗中心工作人员。由于没有证件和护照，部分诈骗中心的工作人员无法越境进入泰国。Not all the workers at Shunda landed there unwillingly. Many of the Chinese employees at Shunda Park received salaries, a review of records in one finance office shows. A company called Huisheng International, for instance, had stacks of wage receipts, sick-leave forms and medical tests for H.I.V. and syphilis, among other diseases, all written in Chinese. Employees were identified by nicknames like “Eastern Dragon” or “Little Li.” Contracts in the office specified that workers would be bound by Myanmar labor law.并非所有在顺达园区工作的人都是被迫的。我们查阅了一间财务办公室的记录，发现许多中国雇员是有工资可拿的。例如，一家名为汇盛国际（音）的公司存有大量工资条、病假条，以及员工的艾滋病、梅毒等各类疾病的检测报告，所有文件均为中文书写。员工们都使用“东方龙”、“小李”之类的绰号。办公室里的合同还明确规定，员工需遵守缅甸劳工法。While most of the workers at Shunda Park were transported to safety via Thailand, about 900 Chinese workers refused to leave for more than two weeks, despite the compound being in the middle of an active conflict zone. The Chinese government has periodically cracked down on the scamming industry, arresting Chinese workers who are repatriated. So tense was the situation that days before our visit, some Chinese workers had tried unsuccessfully to wrestle weapons away from the Karen soldiers, according to members of the militia and other scammers who witnessed the melee.顺达园区的大多数工作人员都已通过泰国转移到了安全地带，但仍有约900名中国工作人员在园区深陷战火之际滞留了两个多星期不肯离开。中国政府曾多次打击诈骗产业，许多被遣返回国的中国诈骗团伙成员都被逮捕。据克伦民族解放军成员和目睹了冲突的诈骗团伙成员称，局势一度十分紧张，在我们到访的几天前，部分中国工作人员曾试图抢夺克伦士兵的武器未果。All but one Chinese man at the compound refused to speak with me. The scammers shielded their faces with their hands or with masks. The one worker who agreed to talk said he had been promised a salary of 30,000 yuan a month, or $4,250. But upon arriving, he said, he only received 30,000 Thai baht a month, or $940. Records in the finance office showed base salaries of that amount.园区内，除了一名中国男子外，其他人都拒绝与我交谈。他们要么用手捂着脸，要么戴着口罩，不愿以真面目示人。那名愿意开口的男子称，雇主曾承诺给他每月3万元人民币的薪水，可到了园区后，每月实际到手的只有3万泰铢（约合940美元）。财务办公室的记录显示，员工的基本工资确实是这个数。诈骗中心工作人员从园区内的反叛军士兵处领取食品配给。一些不愿离开厂区的工人开始焚烧办公家具和文件，既为烹煮食物，也为销毁证据，浓烟滚滚弥漫整个厂区。“They tricked me,” he said of his employers. The boom of shelling punctuated our conversation.“他们骗了我，”他这样控诉自己的雇主。说话间，炮火的轰鸣声不时传来。Around him, rotten food festered. On the basketball court and by a nightclub, fires smoldered. A French bulldog that used to be cared for by one of the compound’s Chinese managers padded by, before collapsing in the shade provided by a luxury sedan. The cars on site came from all over Myanmar, including a fire department vehicle from halfway across the country. There was also an oil tanker truck with Chinese license plates.在他的周围，腐烂的食物散发着恶臭。篮球场和一家夜总会旁，余火仍在闷烧。一只曾被园区中国老板饲养的法国斗牛犬慢悠悠地踱着步，随后瘫倒在一辆豪华轿车投下的阴凉处。园区内的车辆来自缅甸各地，其中甚至有一辆来自该国另一端的消防车，还有一辆挂着中国车牌的油罐车。The Myanmar military appears determined to reclaim Shunda Park, even as it dynamites buildings in other scam centers to show it is tough on crime. Workers at those raided sites, also run by Chinese criminal networks, however, say the crackdowns are just for show. In fact, some of the workers at Shunda said they had just arrived from these cleared out compounds. With international sanctions biting, Myanmar’s generals, supported by business allies and sympathetic militias, have embraced various illicit economies, making the country a global crime capital.缅甸军方似乎铁了心要夺回顺达园区，与此同时，他们还炸毁了其他诈骗园区的建筑，试图摆出强硬打击犯罪的姿态。然而，那些同样由中国犯罪网络操控的被查抄园区的工作人员称，这些整治不过是做戏。事实上，几名顺达园区的工作人员表示，他们就是刚从那些被清剿的园区转移过来的。随着国际制裁的压力日益加剧，缅甸军方将领在商业盟友和立场相近的民兵武装的支持下，开始大肆涉足各类非法产业，令缅甸沦为了一座全球犯罪中心。Outside the scam compounds, life is impoverished and insecure. The Myanmar military regularly launches airstrikes around Shunda Park, and across the rest of the country, targeting civilians. More than 3.5 million people nationwide are now displaced.诈骗园区之外，民众的生活贫困潦倒、充满不安。缅甸军方频繁在顺达园区周边及全国各地发动空袭，目标直指平民。目前，全国已有超过350万人流离失所。反政府武装士兵听见附近迫击炮轰鸣后向外张望，该地区战事正逐渐升级。被诈骗中心的一名经理遗弃的一只法国斗牛犬。As the shelling intensified, we climbed into pickup trucks and sped away. Our driver, the commander of the K.N.L.A.’s special forces, varied his speed to ward off the suicide drones that terrorize the area’s roads. A few days before, an armed drone detonated a bus length away from one of the trucks.随着炮火愈发猛烈，我们迅速登上皮卡车，疾驰撤离。我们的司机是克伦民族解放军特种部队指挥官，他不断变速，以防该地区肆虐的自杀式无人机。就在几天前，一架携带炸弹的无人机在距离他们车队一辆卡车仅一个车身的位置引爆。In the next village, in an area where an ethnic armed group aligned with the junta had held sway, I spotted more neat rows of scam centers being built, Chinese red lanterns hanging from the eaves. Chinese workers wandered through the construction site, shirts off in the heat.在下一个村庄——这里此前一直由效忠于军政府的少数民族武装控制——我看到更多排列整齐的诈骗园区正在兴建，屋檐下悬挂着中国红灯笼。中国劳工们光着膀子，在工地上忙碌穿梭，全然不顾热带的酷热。A few days later, the 900 or so Chinese workers left Shunda. Some went over the border to Thailand. But most headed to other Chinese compounds in the wilds of Myanmar, where scammers are busy finding their next victims.几天后，那900名左右滞留的中国工作人员终于离开了顺达园区。一部分人越过边境去了泰国，但大多数人都转向了缅甸荒野中的其他中国园区，在那里，诈骗团伙成员正忙着物色下一批猎物。反政府武装摧毁一个诈骗中心的同时，其他诈骗中心正在兴建，附近道路旁堆满了建筑材料。摄影：Jes AznarBerry Wang对本文有研究贡献。Hannah Beech是《纽约时报》记者，常驻曼谷。她报道亚洲新闻超过25年，主要报道深度和调查新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。