Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been mass produced for decades in consumer products like frying pans, water-resistant clothing, food packaging and cosmetics. They have also been used in a range of industrial applications, including firefighting foam, metal coatings and mechanical lubricants. The ubiquity of these chemicals in groundwater, along with the strength of their unique covalent carbon-fluoride bond, has raised a critical question: how can we remediate the contaminated groundwater at hundreds of military, industrial, municipal and other sites across the country?