Skip to navigationSkip to main content':"";if(a){var r=n.promos.showYahooLogo?"":"yns-no-logo";a=a.replace("{notifOnboardBtnLabel}",n.promos.notifOnboardBtnLabel).replace("{notifOnboardMsg}",n.promos.notifOnboardMsg).replace("{subscriptionTopic}",n.promos.subscriptionTopic).replace("{noLogoClass}",r).replace("{promoLogo}",n.promos.promoLogo)}var s=t.newCount>n.panel.maxCount?t.newCount:"",c=n.panel.notificationCenterPath,l=c?"":R,u=n.panel.headerMsg?"":" "+R,d=c?H:"",p=void 0;t.count?p=t.markup:p='{emptyPanelMsg}'.replace("{emptyPanelMsg}",n.panel.emptyPanelMsg);return e=e.replace("{notifMarkup}",p).replace("{promoMarkup}",a).replace("{hideClass}",l).replace("{notifCenterLink}",c).replace("{paddingClass}",d).replace("{headerMsg}",n.panel.headerMsg).replace("{hideHeaderClass}",u).replace(/{notificationCenterNavMsg}/g,n.panel.notificationCenterNavMsg).replace(/{newCount}/g,s)}},{key:"render",value:function(e,t){var n=this;if(n._panelNode){var o=void 0,i=n._panelNode,a=void 0,r=void 0;switch(e){case"expanded_panel":o='{promoMarkup}{notifMarkup}',r=n._store.getNotifications(),a=n._generatePanelMarkup(o,r),i.innerHTML=a;break;case"error_panel":a=(o='{errorMsg}').replace("{errorMsg}",n._config.panel.errorMsg),i.innerHTML=a}t&&t()}else t&&t(new Error("No panel parent"))}},{key:"createPanelParentNode",value:function(e){e&&(e.innerHTML='',this._panelNode=document.getElementById(P))}},{key:"updateBadgeNode",value:function(e){if(e){var t=this._store.getNotifications().newCount,n=this._config.badge.maxCount;if(t){var o=t>n?n+"+":t;e.innerHTML=o}else e.innerHTML=""}}},{key:"addStyles",value:function(e){if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof window){var t=document.getElementById(this._config.panel.styleTagId);t||((t=document.createElement("style")).type="text/css",t.id=this._config.panel.styleTagId,t.innerText=e,document.head.appendChild(t))}}}]),e}(),j=function(){function e(t,n,o){E(this,e);var i=this;i._store=n,i._view=o,i._config=t;var a=i._config.panel;i._panelParentNode=document.querySelector(a.parentSelector),i._badgeNode=i._config.badge.selector&&document.querySelector(i._config.badge.selector),i._indicatorNode=a.indicatorSelector&&document.querySelector(a.indicatorSelector)}return k(e,[{key:"createPanelParentNode",value:function(){this._view.createPanelParentNode(this._panelParentNode),this._notifPanelNode=document.getElementById(P)}},{key:"refreshPanelNode",value:function(e,t){var n=this;x(n._notifPanelNode,D),n._store.fetchNotifications(e,(function(e,o){var i=window.wafer&&window.wafer.base;i&&i.destroy(n._notifPanelNode),e?n._notifPanelNode.innerHTML||(n._view.render("error_panel"),x(n._notifPanelNode,D)):(n._view.render("expanded_panel"),n._view.updateBadgeNode(n._badgeNode),n._showBadge(),n._showIndicator(),n._view.addStyles(o.css)),N(n._notifPanelNode,D),i&&i.sync(n._notifPanelNode.parentNode),t&&t(e,o)}))}},{key:"resetBadge",value:function(){var e=this;e._store.resetNewCount(),e._view.updateBadgeNode(e._badgeNode),x(e._badgeNode,e._config.badge.hideClass)}},{key:"_showIndicator",value:function(){this._indicatorNode&&(this._store.getNotifications().newCount?x(this._indicatorNode,this._config.panel.indicatorClass):N(this._indicatorNode,this._config.panel.indicatorClass))}},{key:"_showBadge",value:function(){var e=this;e._store.getNotifications().newCount?N(e._badgeNode,e._config.badge.hideClass):x(e._badgeNode,e._config.badge.hideClass)}}]),e}(),Y={promos:{eligibleBodyClass:"display-push-promos",enableNotifOnboard:!0,bypassEligibleClassCheck:!1,notifOnboardBtnLabel:"Notify Me",notifOnboardMsg:"Get alerts for breaking news and top stories",promoLogo:"https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/ae/news/circle_bell.png",showYahooLogo:!0,subscriptionTopic:"gondor_homerun_news"},badge:{hideClass:"",maxCount:5,selector:""},panel:{emptyPanelMsg:"You have no new 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n;t.logoImages&&(n=t.logoImages).length>0&&Array.prototype.forEach.call(n,(function(e){e.onerror=function(){e.onerror=null,e.style.display="none"}})),t.wrapper&&(function(e,t){e&&(xe("#ybar-logo","#ybar-logo",t),t.onDestroy((function(){e.classList.remove("ybar-show-outline"),e.classList.remove("ybar-hide-outline")})))}(t.wrapper,e),function(e,t){t&&e.addElementListener(t,"click",(function(){e.triggerEvent("logo-click")}))}(e,t.wrapper))};ge("ybar-mod-logo",(function(e){var t={wrapper:document.getElementById("ybar-logo"),logoImages:document.querySelectorAll(".".concat(Ut))};jt(e,t)}));var Yt={"dropdown-open":"_yb_1qr55t8","merchant-is-selected":"_yb_hpfgev",overlay:"_yb_1t4opbo","selected-merchant-clear-button":"_yb_sdzekv","shops-buttons":"_yb_1gmhi8h","styled-select":"_yb_1fed2vs",tooltip:"_yb_156j5sr","tooltip--show":"_yb_t94u7s",tooltip__text:"_yb_149d3c6",tooltip__voice:"_yb_rkldcd",tooltip__web:"_yb_1bze76z",dark:"_yb_of9a42",darker:"_yb_1br2rz9",light:"_yb_p0373k","search-border-gradient":"_yb_109k2ga","search-border-gradient-hover":"_yb_vljmzl",midnight60:"_yb_1o792pg","search-input-uh3-hover":"_yb_15ox84z","search-input-uh3-focus-visible":"_yb_1e6541m","sa-btn-bar":"_yb_1axm66t","searchbox-icon-uh3":"_yb_1uef33k",empty:"_yb_owcm9n"},Ft=function(e,t){var n=Math.max(e,t),o=Math.min(e,t),i=Math.abs(n-o);return b([],h(new Array(i+1)),!1).map((function(e,t){return o+t}))},zt=function(e,t,n){var o=e.getConfig().bucketConfig,i=(void 0===o?{}:o).enable_search_ui,a=void 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n=e.getConfig();"smartphone"===n.device&&("finance"===n.property&&"crunch"===n.ytheme&&e.addElementListener(t.searchInput,"click",(function(){var n,o;n="search_input_focus_click",null!==(o=re())&&(oe[n]||(oe[n]=o)),e.addElementListener(t.searchForm,"click",(function(){if(t.ybar){if(t.ybar.classList.contains("ybar-searchbox-assist-fullscreen"))return;t.ybar.classList.add("ybar-searchbox-assist-fullscreen"),t.ybar.classList.add("ybar-searchbox-assist-fadein")}if(!document.documentElement.classList.contains("ybar-overlay")){document.documentElement.classList.toggle("ybar-overlay"),document.body.classList.add("ybar-overlay-noscroll");te("ybar","websrch","",{elm:"expand",subsec:"searchbox",itc:"1"})}}))})),e.addElementListener(t.searchBoxPlaceholder,"click",(function(){zt(e,t)})),e.addElementListener(t.searchBoxPlaceholder,"keydown",(function(n){var o=n,i=o.keyCode,a=o.key,r=Ft(65,90),s=b(b([],h(Ft(58,57)),!1),h(Ft(96,105)),!1),c=b(b([],h(r),!1),h(s),!1).includes(i);(32===i||13===i||c)&&(n.preventDefault(),n.stopPropagation(),zt(e,t,c?a:""))})),t.searchBoxBackButton&&(e.addElementListener(t.searchBoxBackButton,"click",(function(e){e.stopPropagation(),window.YAHOO&&window.YAHOO.SA&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0]&&(window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0].view.resetQuery(),window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0].view.hide()),Wt(t);te("ybar","back-close-srch","",{elm:"btn",subsec:"searchbox",itc:"1"})})),e.addElementListener(t.searchInput,"keyup",(function(e){e.stopPropagation();27===e.keyCode&&(e.stopPropagation(),Wt(t))}))),e.addEventListener("viewerClosed",(function(){Wt(t)})),e.onDestroy((function(){Wt(t)})))},Kt=function(){function e(e,t,n){t&&(this.ybar=e,this.elem=t,this.options=n,this.show=this.show.bind(this),this.hide=this.hide.bind(this),this.addEventListeners())}return Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"tooltip",{get:function(){var e=this;return this.tooltipMarkup||(this.tooltipMarkup=this.createTooltip(),(this.options.tooltipParentElm||this.elem).appendChild(this.tooltipMarkup),this.ybar.onDestroy((function(){var t,n;null===(n=null===(t=e.tooltipMarkup)||void 0===t?void 0:t.parentNode)||void 0===n||n.removeChild(e.tooltipMarkup)}))),this.tooltipMarkup},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),e.prototype.show=function(){this.tooltip.classList.add(this.options.showClass)},e.prototype.hide=function(){this.tooltip.classList.remove(this.options.showClass)},e.prototype.addEventListeners=function(){this.ybar.addElementListener(this.elem,"mouseenter",this.show),this.ybar.addElementListener(this.elem,"focus",this.show),this.ybar.addElementListener(this.elem,"mouseleave",this.hide),this.ybar.addElementListener(this.elem,"blur",this.hide)},e.prototype.createTooltip=function(){var e=document.createElement("div");e.className=this.options.containerClass||"";var t=document.createElement("p");return t.textContent=this.options.label,t.className=this.options.textClass||"",e.appendChild(t),e},e}(),Jt={containerClass:Yt.tooltip,textClass:Yt.tooltip__text,showClass:Yt["tooltip--show"]};ge("ybar-mod-searchbox",(function(e){var t,n=e.getConfig(),o={ybar:document.getElementById("ybar"),searchInput:document.getElementById("ybar-sbq"),buttonBar:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["sa-btn-bar"])),searchForm:document.getElementById("ybar-sf"),searchBoxIcon:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["searchbox-icon-uh3"])),searchBoxPlaceholder:document.getElementById("ybar-smartphone-searchbox-placeholder"),searchBoxBackButton:document.getElementById("ybar-search-back-btn"),shopsButtonsWrap:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["shops-buttons"])),categorySelect:document.getElementById("shops-category-select"),selectedMerchantInput:document.getElementById("selected-merchant-input"),selectedMerchantClearButton:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["selected-merchant-clear-button"])),submitSearchBtn:document.getElementById("ybar-search"),clearSearchBtn:document.getElementById("ybar-sbq-x"),searchGradientBorder:document.querySelector(".".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient"]))};if(function(e,t){var n,o,i,a=e.getConfig();if(t.ybar&&["desktop","tablet"].includes(a.device)&&(null===(n=a.bucketConfig)||void 0===n?void 0:n.highlight_searchassist)&&(null===(o=a.bucketConfig)||void 0===o?void 0:o.overlay_class)){t.ybar.setAttribute("data-ovrly-bkt",a.bucketConfig.overlay_class),null===(i=t.searchForm)||void 0===i||i.classList.add(Yt[a.bucketConfig.overlay_class]);var r=document.createElement("div");r.classList.add(Yt.overlay,Yt[a.bucketConfig.overlay_class]),document.body.appendChild(r),e.onDestroy((function(){document.body.removeChild(r)})),e.addElementListener(t.searchForm,"focusout",(function(e){if(t.searchForm&&t.searchInput){var n=e.relatedTarget;n&&!t.searchForm.contains(n)&&window.YAHOO.SA&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0]&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0].view.shown&&window.YAHOO.SA.apps[0].view.hide()}}))}}(e,o),Gt(e,o),o.searchGradientBorder){var i=!1;o.searchInput.addEventListener("keydown",(function(e){var t=e.code,n=e.key,a=t.startsWith("Key"),r=t.startsWith("Digit"),s=/^[!@#$%^&*()_+\-=[\]{};':"\\|,./?`~]$/.test(n);(a||r||s)&&!i&&(o.searchGradientBorder.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient-hover"])),i=!0)})),e.addElementListener(o.searchForm,"mouseover",(function(){i||o.searchGradientBorder.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchForm,"mouseout",(function(){i||o.searchGradientBorder.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"click",(function(){i=!0})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"blur",(function(){o.searchGradientBorder.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-border-gradient-hover"]))}))}o.searchForm&&(e.addElementListener(o.searchBoxIcon,"mouseover",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchBoxIcon,"mouseout",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.buttonBar,"mouseover",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.buttonBar,"mouseout",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-hover"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"keyup",(function(e){"Tab"===e.key&&o.searchForm.classList.add("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-focus-visible"])),o.searchInput.classList.toggle("".concat(Yt.empty),""===o.searchInput.value)})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"keydown",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-focus-visible"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.searchInput,"focusout",(function(){o.searchForm.classList.remove("".concat(Yt["search-input-uh3-focus-visible"]))})),e.addElementListener(o.submitSearchBtn,"click",(function(e){""===o.searchInput.value.trim()&&e.preventDefault()})),e.addElementListener(o.clearSearchBtn,"click",(function(){o.searchInput.classList.add("".concat(Yt.empty))}))),o.submitSearchBtn&&"crunch"===n.ytheme&&new Kt(e,o.submitSearchBtn,m(m({},Jt),{label:null!==(t=n.i18n.root.SEARCH_TOOLTIP_WEB)&&void 0!==t?t:"Search the web",containerClass:"".concat(Yt.tooltip," ").concat(Yt.tooltip__web),tooltipParentElm:o.clearSearchBtn.parentElement}))}));var Vt="_yb_tdk4ba",$t="_yb_hkd17a",Xt="_yb_rtzclf",Zt="_yb_tdbhj6",Qt="_yb_de52ef",en="_yb_9hwrey",tn="_yb_slc8ta",nn="_yb_bf0svp",on="_yb_hjic9z";ge("ybar-mod-adaptivenav",(function(e){var t=document.querySelector("#ybar-l1-more-menu ul"),n={moreDropDown:document.querySelector(".".concat(Vt)),moreBtn:document.querySelector(".".concat($t)),wrap:document.querySelector(".".concat(Zt)),moreSectionTitle:document.querySelectorAll(".".concat(Qt)),editionsCtaBtn:document.querySelector(".".concat(en)),editionsMenu:document.querySelector(".".concat(tn)),closeBtn:document.querySelector(".".concat(nn)),moreMenuDropDownHeight:t?"".concat(t.offsetHeight+48,"px"):"0"};new 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This also applies when you exchange one digital asset for another. Converting bitcoin into ethereum, for example, isn’t “just a trade” in the eyes of the IRS. It’s a taxable event if the value changes.Crypto taxes aren’t paid at the time of the transaction, but instead, they’re reported on your tax return for the year in which the transaction took place. So, if you sold crypto for a profit at any point during 2025, that activity is reported when you file your 2025 return in early 2026.How much tax you pay depends on two main factors:How long you held the asset before sellingYour overall taxable income and filing statusHold it for less than a year, and you'll usually face higher rates. Hold it longer, and the rates tend to be lower.This holding-period distinction matters more than most people realize. A few days can make a difference of as much as 17% or more — so timing matters.Short-term capital gains apply if you held the cryptocurrency for one year or less before selling or exchanging it. These gains are taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. Depending on your tax bracket, that could be anywhere from 10% to 37%.If you’re actively trading or exchanging between tokens, most of your gains will fall into this category.Read more: How to get in a lower bracket and reduce your taxesLong-term capital gains apply if you held the crypto for more than one year before selling. These rates are generally lower and more favorable.You’ll owe either 0%, 15%, or 20% on the gain, depending on your taxable income and filing status. High earners may also owe the 3.8% net investment income tax on top of that.Read more: Taxable income explained — and how to reduce itAn important note on capital gains taxes (both short- and long-term): You’re only taxed on the gain, not the full sale price. The IRS compares what you paid for an asset (known as your cost basis) to what you sold it for, and only the increase in value is taxable.For example, if you bought crypto for $2,000 and later sold it for $3,500, your capital gain is $1,500. You owe tax on that $1,500 — not the original $2,000 you put in.If you sell crypto at a loss (for less than you paid for it), you may be able to deduct that loss from the taxes you owe. Capital losses first offset capital gains, up to $3,000 per year.But if your total losses exceed the IRS $3,000 annual limit, the excess isn’t wasted. You can carry those losses forward and use them to reduce gains in future tax years.It’s a practice known as tax-loss harvesting, and it can help lower your overall tax bill as an investor.Of course, you must actually sell or dispose of the asset to claim the loss — unrealized losses don’t count. And the assets must be in a taxable account. So this strategy doesn’t work if you realize a loss after selling bitcoin ETFs inside your Roth IRA, for example.Not every crypto move triggers a tax bill. Here are a few common situations when you usually don’t owe tax on your digital assets:Holding crypto without selling it: Simply buying and holding cryptocurrency isn’t a taxable event. No sale, no tax.Transferring crypto between your own wallets: Moving crypto from an exchange to a personal wallet, or between two wallets you own, isn’t a taxable event.Buying crypto with U.S. dollars: Purchasing crypto doesn’t create a gain or loss.Receiving crypto as a gift: According to the IRS, if you receive cryptocurrency as a gift, you won’t owe taxes on it until you exchange it or sell it. As the recipient, you inherit the giver’s original cost basis and holding period, which matters later when you sell the crypto. For the person making the gift, amounts over the annual gift exclusion — $19,000 in 2025 — must be reported on IRS Form 709.Donating crypto to a qualified charity: Donations are typically not taxed as a sale and may actually qualify you for a charitable deduction.Context matters, and unique situations exist. If you’re navigating a complex tax situation involving crypto, it’s wise to speak with a tax professional or CPA.Starting Jan. 1, 2026, the IRS requires digital asset brokers to issue a new form: the 1099-DA. If you sold crypto through a broker during the 2025 tax year, you should receive this form in early 2026.The 1099-DA is meant to report proceeds from digital asset transactions, though something important is still missing from the new forms: your cost basis.“These forms will show gross sales proceeds, but custodians aren’t required to report your cost basis yet,” said Jason Gakeler, CPA and vice president of tax at Accounting Rescue Group in Minneapolis. “It’s still on the taxpayer to track and report their basis.”Starting with transactions in 2026 (reported on 2027 1099-DA forms), brokers will be required to report cost basis for covered assets (assets acquired in 2026 or later and held on the same platform). Until then, taxpayers will still need to track and report it themselves.“If someone forgets to include the 1099-DA on their return, the IRS assumes zero basis and issues a notice,” said Gakeler.Don’t assume your 1099-DA is perfect or complete, either. For example, decentralized finance (DeFi) brokers and some foreign brokers aren’t required to file a Form 1099-DA — but you’re still required to report these transactions to the IRS.Ultimately, the onus is on you to accurately report your activity, so it’s best to compare the form to your own records. Otherwise, leaving all the work to your accountant could cost you a lot of money, Gakeler noted.“If someone brings me 500 crypto transactions and expects me to calculate everything manually, we could be talking 50 to 100 hours of work,” he said. “At professional rates, that cost can easily wipe out any profit from crypto investing.”Here’s how to calculate gains manually, step by step:Collect transaction histories from every exchange, broker, and wallet you used.Determine your cost basis for each asset, including transaction fees. Remember, the cost basis is the amount you paid for the asset when you first purchased it.Identify the proceeds received at the time of each sale, trade, or spending.Subtract the cost basis from proceeds to calculate gain or loss.Classify each transaction as short-term or long-term based on how long you held the asset.Things can get tricky if you didn’t record your original cost basis. In that case, you’ll need to reconstruct it after the fact. That usually involves pulling historical transaction data from exchanges, checking time stamps, and matching them to the asset’s market price at the time of the transaction. If you truly can’t figure out the cost basis, the IRS expects it to be treated as zero, which maximizes taxable gains.For taxpayers with high trading volume, manual tracking isn’t realistic. Crypto tax calculators such as CoinTracker and Koinly let you import CSV files from exchanges or connect directly via API. The software tracks cost basis, applies IRS-approved accounting methods, and generates reports that plug into mainstream tax software.Tax software platforms, such as TurboTax, don’t reliably accept raw CSV transaction files from exchanges like Coinbase, Binance, or Kraken. It expects summarized tax data, not hundreds of line-by-line trades.That’s why most serious crypto traders use a dedicated crypto tax platform first, then pass the cleaned-up results into a tax program or into the hands of their human tax preparer.Yes. In most cases, exchanging one cryptocurrency for another is considered a taxable event.When you trade crypto for crypto, the IRS treats it as if you sold the original asset for its fair market value in U.S. dollars and then used that cash to buy the new asset. If the value of the crypto you gave up is higher than what you originally paid for it, you’ve realized a capital gain that must be reported.Yes. From the IRS’s perspective, spending crypto is the same as selling it. When you use crypto to buy something, you’re considered to have disposed of that asset at its fair market value in U.S. dollars at the time of the transaction.That’s one reason cryptocurrency like bitcoin has failed to catch on as a mainstream day-to-day payment method in the U.S. — the recordkeeping burden and tax implications are still daunting.Cryptocurrency staking is when you lock up your crypto to help validate transactions on a blockchain and earn rewards in return. Staking rewards are generally taxed as ordinary income once they’re received and under your control, similar to interest earned in a high-yield savings account. Control matters — if rewards are locked or inaccessible, taxation may be deferred until they become available, said Kevin Feig, CPA, CFP, and former head of global enterprise risk management at Coinbase.Unlike bank interest, staking often increases your holdings of a digital asset, such as ETH. When you later sell that asset, you’ll realize a capital gain or loss based on your cost basis and the sale price.“The best analogy is a stock paying dividends in the form of more stock instead of cash,” said Feig.