JIM TANKERSLEY2026年3月18日周日，德黑兰一间遭到空袭的住宅。 Arash Khamooshi for The New York TimesEurope wants President Trump to end his war in Iran as fast as possible.欧洲希望特朗普总统尽快结束他在伊朗的战争。Mr. Trump wants Europe’s help relieving the only real pressure point that could force him to do that.特朗普则希望欧洲帮忙缓解唯一能真正迫使他这么做的压力点。That pressure point is effectively an oil blockade by Iran in the Strait of Hormuz. Mr. Trump has called on Europe to send ships and other military forces to help clear the channel.这个压力点实际上就是伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡实施的石油封锁。特朗普呼吁欧洲派遣舰船和其他军事力量，帮助打通这条通道。European officials have a long list of reasons, spoken and unspoken, for refusing.欧洲官员有一长串理由来拒绝，其中有说出口的，也有没说出口的。It looks something like this.大致如下。1. They never wanted this war and don’t want a part of it.1. 他们从来就不想要这场战争，也不想参与其中。The United States and Israel launched their first strikes on Iran late last month without consulting allies in Europe or elsewhere. There was no effort to assemble any sort of “coalition of the willing” or to make an international case for war, as the Bush administration did two decades ago with Iraq.美国和以色列在上月底对伊朗发动首次打击时，并没有征求欧洲或其他地方盟友的意见。没有努力组建任何“自愿联盟”，也没有像二十年前布什政府那样，就伊拉克战争争取国际支持。For the first few weeks of the war, all Mr. Trump seemed to want from Europe was the use of military bases to launch attacks. Germany agreed immediately. Britain did eventually, though not to the degree Mr. Trump wanted. Spain said no.在战争最初几周，特朗普似乎只想从欧洲那里借用军事基地来发动攻击。德国立即同意了。英国最终也同意了，尽管没有达到特朗普想要的程度。西班牙则拒绝了。周二，一架美国轰炸机在英格兰南部的皇家空军费尔福德基地降落。But as Iran’s attacks in the Strait of Hormuz sent oil prices soaring, Mr. Trump asked for more help from Europe — without offering operational input or a timeline for ending hostilities, international legal cover or anything else that Europe might want.但随着伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡的攻击导致油价飙升，特朗普开始向欧洲要求更多帮助——却没有提供作战行动的参与意见、结束敌对行动的时间表、国际法上的依据，或者欧洲可能想要的任何其他东西。“The United States and Israel did not consult us before this war. There was never a joint decision regarding Iran,” Friedrich Merz, the German chancellor, said on Monday. “Therefore, the question of how Germany will contribute militarily does not arise. We will not.”“美国和以色列在这场战争前没有征求我们的意见。从未就伊朗问题做出过任何联合决定，”德国总理弗里德里希·默茨周一表示。“因此，德国是否在军事上参与的问题根本无从谈起。我们不会参与。”2. It’s not NATO’s job.2. 这不是北约的职责。Mr. Trump has invoked the trans-Atlantic security alliance, which requires its members to aid America if it is attacked, and scolded NATO members in Europe for not answering his call. “For 40 years, we’re protecting you, and you don’t want to get involved,” Mr. Trump said on Monday.特朗普援引了这个跨大西洋安全联盟——该联盟要求成员国在美国遭受攻击时给予援助——并斥责欧洲北约成员国没有响应他的号召。“40年来，我们一直在保护你们，你们却不想卷进来，”特朗普周一说。To which European officials reply: That’s not how NATO works.对此，欧洲官员的回应是：北约不是这么用的。The alliance does not traditionally involve itself in the Middle East or in pre-emptive strikes by its members on their enemies. Its so-called Article 5 obligations bind countries to defend one another in case of attack, and they have only been invoked once: after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist strikes in the United States.这个联盟传统上不介入中东事务，也不参与其成员国对敌人的先发制人打击。其所谓的第五条义务要求各国在遭受攻击时相互防御，而这只被援引过一次：2001年9月11日美国遭受恐怖袭击之后。Mr. Merz stressed on Monday that NATO was a “defensive alliance.” Mark Rutte, the alliance’s secretary general and an ally of Mr. Trump’s, told the Reuters news agency shortly after the war began: “Clearly, NATO is not itself involved here. NATO allies are providing key enabling support.”默茨周一强调，北约是一个“防御性联盟”。北约秘书长、特朗普的盟友马克·吕特在战争开始后不久对路透社表示：“显然，北约本身并未卷入其中。北约盟国正在提供关键的支持性援助。”3. They don’t think it will work …3. 他们认为这行不通……Shipping in the Strait of Hormuz is so precarious because even a single armed Iranian speedboat can take out an oil tanker. The U.S. Navy has not been able to defeat that threat on its own, and some European leaders said this week that they don’t know how their navies would tip the scales.霍尔木兹海峡的航运之所以如此脆弱，是因为哪怕一艘伊朗武装快艇就能摧毁一艘油轮。美国海军至今未能依靠自己的力量击败这一威胁，一些欧洲领导人本周表示，他们不知道自家海军如何能扭转局面。4. … and if it did, it could prolong the war.4. ……而且即便行得通，也可能延长战争。The Iran-induced surge in global oil prices is raising costs for drivers and other consumers across Europe and the United States. European leaders are desperate to bring them down. They know Mr. Trump is, too.伊朗引发的全球油价飙升正在提高欧洲和美国各地司机及其他消费者的成本。欧洲领导人迫切希望把油价降下来。他们知道特朗普也同样迫切。Privately, top European officials say the only things that ever really seem to induce Mr. Trump to change his mind on an issue are financial markets and American public opinion. A clogged Strait of Hormuz influences both. Mr. Trump does not want to enter midterm elections with gas prices high and American voters blaming his war for them.一些欧洲高层官员私下表示，似乎只有金融市场和美国公众舆论这两样东西，才能真正让特朗普在某个问题上改变主意。霍尔木兹海峡被堵塞会同时影响到这两者。特朗普不希望带着高油价进入中期选举，让美国选民把责任归咎于他的战争。That calculation might be European leaders’ best leverage to persuade Mr. Trump to wrap up the war before it sprawls into their nightmare scenario: an economically devastated, politically unstable Iran that sends millions of migrants fleeing the Middle East toward Europe.这种算计或许是欧洲领导人说服特朗普尽快结束战争的最好筹码，以免战争演变成他们的噩梦场景：一个经济崩溃、政治不稳的伊朗，导致数百万难民从中东涌向欧洲。Lara Jakes自罗马对本文有报道贡献。Jim Tankersley是《纽约时报》柏林分社社长，领导时报对德国、奥地利和瑞士的报道。翻译：经雷点击查看本文英文版。