LYNSEY CHUTEL, SHAWNA RICHER2026年3月1日The joint U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran killed Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the nation’s supreme leader for almost 37 years, President Trump announced on Saturday, signaling a potentially profound political shift in the region.美国总统特朗普周六宣布，美以对伊朗发动的联合行动已击毙执掌伊朗近37年的最高领袖阿亚图拉阿里·哈梅内伊。这一消息预示着该地区可能出现深刻的政治变化。“Khamenei, one of the most evil people in History, is dead,” Mr. Trump wrote on Truth Social. He added: “He was unable to avoid our Intelligence and Highly Sophisticated Tracking Systems and, working closely with Israel, there was not a thing he, or the other leaders that have been killed along with him, could do.”“哈梅内伊，这个历史上最邪恶的人之一，死了，”特朗普在“真相社交”上写道。他还说：“他无法躲避我们的情报系统和高度精密的追踪系统，在与以色列密切合作下，他以及与他一同被击毙的其他领导人，根本无能为力。”There was no immediate confirmation of the death from Iran.伊朗方面尚未立即证实这一死讯。The attack, which set off retaliatory strikes by Iran against Israel and U.S. interests in the Middle East, followed weeks of threats from Mr. Trump that the United States would strike Iran unless its leadership agreed to U.S. demands, especially over its nuclear program. On Thursday, American and Iranian officials held a last-ditch round of mediated talks that ended without a breakthrough.这次袭击引发了伊朗针对以色列以及美国在中东利益的报复性打击。此前数周，特朗普一直威胁称，除非伊朗领导层同意美国的要求——尤其是在核计划问题上——否则美国将对伊朗发动打击。周四，美国和伊朗官员曾进行最后一轮斡旋谈判，但未取得突破。In his social media post announcing Ayatollah Khamenei’s death, Mr. Trump said, without providing evidence, that he is hearing Iranian security forces “no longer want to fight, and are looking for Immunity from us.”在宣布哈梅内伊死讯的社交媒体帖子中，特朗普还在没有提供证据的情况下表示，他听说伊朗安全部队“已经不想再打下去，正在向我们寻求豁免”。The Israeli military also identified seven senior Iranian security officials it said had been killed in Saturday’s strikes, including the head of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, the country’s minister of defense and a senior adviser to the supreme leader.以色列军方还确认，周六的袭击中有七名伊朗高级安全官员被打死，其中包括伊朗革命卫队司令、国防部长以及最高领袖的一名高级顾问。Earlier Saturday, Mr. Trump said that “major combat operations” were underway in Iran, portraying the strike as an opportunity for a change of government in Tehran. Governments around the world urged restraint, though some, including those of Canada and Australia, backed the U.S.-led campaign as they condemned decades of aggression by Iran.周六早些时候，特朗普表示，针对伊朗的“重大作战行动”正在进行中，并把这次打击描述为促成德黑兰政权更替的契机。世界各国政府纷纷呼吁保持克制，不过也有一些国家——包括加拿大和澳大利亚——在谴责伊朗数十年来的侵略行为的同时，对美国领导的这次行动表示了支持。Why did the U.S. and Israel attack Iran?美国和以色列为什么攻击伊朗？The latest tensions began in January, when Mr. Trump vowed to come to the aid of protesters when Iran’s government used lethal force to crush public unrest. In taped remarks announcing the attack on Saturday morning, Mr. Trump urged Iranians to “take over your government” once the military action concluded.最新一轮紧张局势始于今年1月，当时特朗普承诺，如果伊朗政府以致命武力镇压公众抗议，美国将支持示威者。在周六上午宣布发动袭击的录制讲话中，特朗普呼吁伊朗民众在军事行动结束后“接管你们的政府”。“No president was willing to do what I am willing to do tonight,” he said. “Now you have a president who is giving you what you want, so let’s see how you respond.”“没有哪位总统愿意做我今晚愿意做的事，”他说。“现在，你们有了一位给予你们所望的总统，让我们看看你们如何回应。”It is the second time in less than a year that the U.S. military has struck in Iran. Last June, American forces bombed three nuclear facilities in the country. This time, U.S. officials said they expected a far more extensive assault.这是不到一年时间里美军第二次对伊朗实施打击。去年6月，美军曾轰炸了该国的三处核设施。美国官员表示，他们预计此次行动规模将大得多。For Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, joining the strike on Iran is part of a long-held goal to overthrow the government in a country he has portrayed as an existential threat. In a televised statement, Mr. Netanyahu said the American-Israeli attack could “create the conditions for the brave Iranian people to take their destiny into their own hands.”对以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡来说，参与对伊朗的打击是实现推翻伊朗政府这一长期目标的一部分。他一直把伊朗描绘为对以色列构成生存性威胁的国家。内塔尼亚胡在电视讲话中表示，美以联合攻击可能“为勇敢的伊朗人民掌握自己命运创造条件”。What are the targets?袭击目标是什么？The attacks began on the first day of the workweek in Iran, with reports of explosions across several cities, including Tehran, Qom, Kermanshah, Isfahan and Karaj, according to Iran’s semiofficial Fars News Agency. In Tehran, the home of Ayatollah Khamenei, images showed thick smoke rising into the sky. The death toll in Iran was not immediately clear.据伊朗半官方的法尔斯通讯社报道，袭击始于伊朗工作周的第一天，德黑兰、库姆、克尔曼沙赫、伊斯法罕和卡拉季等多个城市传来爆炸声。在哈梅内伊所在的德黑兰，图像显示浓烟升腾而起。伊朗方面的伤亡人数尚不清楚。Israel’s military said that one of its initial targets was a gathering of senior Iranian officials. Videos verified by The New York Times showed strikes in an area of Tehran that houses the presidential palace and Iran’s National Security Council, among other important government buildings. Another video showed a strike near the Ministry of Intelligence.以色列军方表示，其最初打击目标之一是一场伊朗高级官员的会议。《纽约时报》核实的视频显示，德黑兰一处地区遭到打击，该地区分布着总统府和伊朗国家安全委员会等重要政府机构。另一段视频显示，情报部附近也遭到袭击。Satellite imagery showed a plume of black smoke and extensive damage at the secure compound of Ayatollah Khamenei.卫星图像显示，哈梅内伊所在的那个戒备森严的住宅园区冒出黑色烟柱，并遭受大面积破坏。U.S. officials said the military had carried out dozens of strikes, with attack planes launched from bases around the Middle East and from at least one aircraft carrier. The initial wave of U.S. attacks focused on military targets.美国官员表示，美军进行了数十次打击，战机从中东的多个基地以及至少一艘航母起飞。美军第一波攻击重点针对军事目标。The Israeli military also said its air force had carried out a broad wave of strikes on multiple military targets in western Iran; aerial defense and missile launchers in central Iran; and a surface-to-surface missile launch site in the area of Tabriz, in eastern Iran.以色列军方还表示，其空军对伊朗西部多个军事目标进行了广泛打击；对伊朗中部的防空系统和导弹发射器进行了打击；以及对伊朗东部大不里士地区的地对地导弹发射场进行了打击。Israeli officials said they expected the assault to last several days.以色列官员表示，预计此次袭击将持续数天。How has Iran responded?伊朗如何回应？Iran fired a barrage of missiles and drones at Israel, the Revolutionary Guard Corps said in a statement on Telegram. It also launched missile attacks targeting U.S. military bases in the region, including Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, Ali Al Salem Air Base in Kuwait, Al Dhafra Air Base in the United Arab Emirates, and the U.S. Fifth Fleet headquarters in Bahrain, Fars reported.伊朗革命卫队在Telegram上发表声明称，伊朗向以色列发射了大量导弹和无人机。据法尔斯通讯社报道，伊朗还向该地区美国军事基地发射导弹，包括卡塔尔的乌代德空军基地、科威特的阿里·萨利姆空军基地、阿拉伯联合酋长国的宰夫拉空军基地，以及巴林的美国第五舰队总部。U.S. Central Command said its forces “successfully defended against hundreds of Iranian missile and drone attacks” and that damage to American bases in the region has been “minimal and has not impacted operations.”美国中央司令部表示，其部队“成功防御了数百枚伊朗导弹和无人机袭击”，该地区美军基地的损失“轻微，且未影响行动”。Debris from intercepted missiles landed in a residential neighborhood in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, killing one person and damaging property, the Emirati defense ministry said, adding that it had successfully intercepted several missiles launched from Iran.阿联酋国防部表示，从伊朗发射的几枚导弹被拦截，但导弹碎片落在首都阿布扎比的一个居民区，造成一人死亡并财产受损，阿联酋表示成功拦截了多枚导弹。Qatar’s ministry of defense said that it had “successfully thwarted a number of attacks” targeting its territory. The attack echoed another strike last June, when Iran fired more than a dozen missiles at an American military base near the Qatari capital, Doha, in response to a U.S. attack on its nuclear facilities.卡塔尔国防部表示，已“成功挫败针对其领土的数次袭击”。此次袭击令人想到去年6月伊朗向多哈附近的美军基地发射十几枚导弹的行动，当时是为了回应美国对其核设施的袭击。The Gulf States are home to a number of American bases and embassies, and experts had warned that Iran would target them in retaliatory strikes. Before the strikes on Saturday, the U.S. military had built up forces in the region in what Mr. Trump had described as an “armada.”海湾国家有多个美国基地和大使馆，专家此前警告它们将成为伊朗报复性打击的目标。在周六袭击前，美国已在该地区集结部队，特朗普称之为“armada”（对舰船集群的一种更具戏剧性的称呼——译注）。Iran also asked the United Nations Security Council to intervene, and it accused the United States and Israel of violating international law.伊朗还要求联合国安理会介入，并指责美国和以色列违反国际法。周六，在特拉维夫一处防空掩体中躲避的民众。Is the United States at war with Iran?美国是否与伊朗处于战争状态？Mr. Trump’s unilateral decision to launch the attack has opened a new chapter in a recurring debate over who rightfully wields war powers in American democracy. The move has raised accusations that he is violating the Constitution by starting a war without congressional authorization. And it appears likely to prompt a belated debate next week in Congress under the War Powers Resolution.特朗普的单方面决定发动袭击，在关于美国民主中谁有权发动战争的反复辩论中开启了新篇章。此举引发指控，称他未经国会授权发动战争，违反宪法。下周国会很可能根据《战争权力决议》展开迟到的辩论。Many Democrats and at least two Republicans in Congress are insisting that Congress must vote on whether the country enters such a conflict.许多民主党人和至少两名共和党国会议员坚持认为，国会必须投票决定是否进入此类冲突。The accusations underscore a split that has emerged between how the founders intended American-style democracy to function and how it has frequently worked, especially during and since the Cold War.这些指控凸显了美国开国元勋设想的民主运作方式与冷战期间及之后经常实际运作方式之间的差异。What else might be affected?还可能影响什么？The conflict has quickly threatened the flow of oil out of the Middle East, which could make gasoline and other fuels more expensive. Shipping companies have stopped sending their tankers through the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow passage through which at least 20 percent of daily oil production travels, according to oil industry analysts.冲突迅速威胁到中东石油的输运，可能导致汽油和其他燃料价格上涨。据石油行业分析师称，航运公司已停止派油轮通过霍尔木兹海峡，这条狭窄的通道每天承载至少20%的全球石油产量。“Nobody’s going to enter right now,” said Angeliki Frangou, the chief executive of Navios Maritime Partners, a Greek shipping company with vessels in the region, referring to the strait.“现在没人会进去，”在该地区有船只的希腊航运公司Navios Maritime Partners的首席执行官安杰利基·弗朗古表示。Aaron Boxerman、Abdi Latif Dahir、Christiaan Triebert、Eric Schmitt、Erika Solomon、Farnaz Fassihi、Helene Cooper、Ismaeel Naar、Jonathan Wolfe、Rawan Sheikh Ahmad、Johnatan Reiss、Peter Eavis、Charlie Savage、Ronen Bergman对本文有报道贡献。Lynsey Chutel是时报驻伦敦记者，报道非洲、中东和欧洲的突发新闻。Shawna Richer是一名美国体育新闻编辑。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site