Analysis-As Trump reins in China tech curbs, Beijing's export controls come of age

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from pill boxes, printed billboards, motor components and optical glass are among the growing number of companies that have queried the ‌commerce ministry over whether they require export licences.Beijing is expanding export enforcement manpower and imposing compliance nationwide, even as it raises costs for domestic firms and makes it harder for them to ship goods.A Reuters ‌review of over 200 public export-control compliance enquiries to China's commerce ministry between 2019 and the start of this month showed a stark surge after rare-earth controls were tightened last April.In the meantime, Washington has eased some export restrictions on products like advanced artificial-intelligence chips during President Donald Trump's second ​term, after China's curbs on rare earths exports threatened to hobble global supply chains spanning autos, technology, energy, aerospace, and defence.The export controls on both sides are expected to be in sharp focus as Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping meet in Beijing in late March for their second in-person talks since Trump returned to office, setting up a high-stakes test of whether a fragile trade truce between the world's two largest economies can hold."What we are seeing in China is ... the rapid construction of a comprehensive export-control apparatus designed to weaponize chokepoints across strategic and non-strategic sectors," said Alfredo Montufar-Helu, a Beijing-based managing director at Ankura Consulting. "That the U.S. is reining in some of its controls is a direct acknowledgement of China's growing leverage."China's commerce ministry ‌did not respond to a request for comment.EXPORT COMPLIANCE QUERIES JUMPExporters have flooded the ⁠Chinese commerce ministry's website with urgent compliance questions: whether magnetic sheets cross rare-earth thresholds; whether gallium nitride chips are restricted; whether ultraviolet medical equipment counts as controlled technology.From 2019 through 2024, only 43 export-control compliance enquiries were posted publicly. In 2025 alone, the number jumped to 135, with about 16% of them complaints about issues such as shipment delays and increased regulatory ⁠burdens. 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